Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), additionally called Shanghai Ranking, is associate degree annual publication of university rankings by Shanghai Ranking practice. The league table was originally compiled and issued by Shanghai Jiaotong Universityin 2003, the primary international ranking with varied indicators, when that a board of international advisories was established to produce suggestions. The publication currently includes the world's overall and subject league tables, aboard freelance regional larger China Ranking and Macedonian HEIs Ranking. ARWU is thought to be one in every of the 3 most prestigious and wide determined university measures, aboard QS World University Rankings and Times instruction World University Rankings. it's praised for its objective methodology however attracts some condemnation for undermining humanities and quality of instruction.

Reception

ARWU is praised by many media and establishments for its methodology and influence. A survey on instruction printed by The economic expert in 2005 commented ARWU as "the most generally used annual ranking of the world's analysis universities."In 2010, The Chronicle of upper Education known as ARWU "the known and most prestigious international ranking of universities".EU analysis Headlines according the ARWU's work on thirty one Dec 2003: "The universities were rigorously evaluated mistreatment many indicators of analysis performance." Chancellor of University of Oxford, Chris geta and former Vice-Chancellor of Australian National University, Ian Chubb, said: "the methodology appearance fairly solid ... it's sort of a pretty smart stab at a good comparison." and "The SJTU rankings were according quickly and wide round the world… (and they) provide a very important comparative read of analysis performance and name." severally.Philip G. Altbach named ARWU's 'consistency, clarity of purpose, and transparency' as vital strengths.

Criticism

Like all different rankings, ARWU has criticism. it's condemned for "relying an excessive amount of on award factors" so undermining the importance of quality of instruction andhumanities.A 2007 paper printed within the journal Scientometrics found that the results from the Shanghai rankings couldn't be reproduced from data mistreatment the strategy delineate by Liu and Cheng. A 2013 paper within the same journal finally showed however the Shanghai ranking results might be reproduced.In a report from Gregorian calendar month 2009, J-C. Billaut, D. Bouyssou and hydrogen ion concentration. Vincke analyse however the ARWU works, mistreatment their insights as specialists of Multiple Criteria higher cognitive process (MCDM). Their main conclusions area unit that the standards used aren't relevant; that the aggregation methodology includes a range of major problems; which shy attention has been paid to basic decisions of criteria.The ARWU researchers themselves, N.C Liu and Y Cheng, suppose that the standard of universities can't be exactly measured by mere numbers and any ranking should be moot. They counsel that university and school rankings ought to be used with caution and their methodologies should be understood clearly before reportage or mistreatment the results. ARWU has been criticised by the eu Commission additionally as some EU member states for "favour[ing] Anglo-Saxon instruction institutions". for example, ARWU is repeatedly criticised in France, wherever it triggers associate degree annual dispute, that specialize in its ill-adapted character to the French tutorial system.